School
Scholasticism
Scholasticism is the method of medieval university philosophy and theology that used logic and authoritative texts to bring reason and faith together.
It developed in the cathedral schools and new universities of Europe from the eleventh century to the fifteenth. Anselm formulated the ontological argument, Thomas Aquinas joined Aristotle to Christian doctrine, and Duns Scotus and William of Ockham debated universals and divine freedom. Its methods continued in the second scholasticism of sixteenth-century Spain. On this site scholastic answers appear on war and political violence (3.3.5), universals, natural theology, the first cause, mind, reason and intuition, and duty.
Thinkers of this school
Guide: Schools of Philosophy: The Main -isms and the Questions They Answer
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Is Aquinas’s First Way really about a first moment in time?
Most of my friends assume Aquinas's arguments for God (Summa Theologiae I, q.2, a.3) are about the beginning of the universe: everything has a cause, so go back far enough and you find God at the start. But my lecturer says that's…
Started by Aoife Kilbride4 replies -
Gundissalinus didn’t read Arabic: philosophy translated through spoken Castilian
The mechanics of translation are my daily bread, so I can't stop thinking about a detail I've just learned about the twelfth-century Toledo translations. Dominicus Gundissalinus, the archdeacon who put Ibn Sina's work on the soul and parts of his Healing into…
Started by Tal Rosen5 replies -
Objections first: what the scholastic quaestio could teach a modern seminar
This term I've been reading the Summa Theologiae properly for the first time, article by article, and what has struck me is not the conclusions but the shape. Every article begins with “It seems that…” followed by objections against the position Aquinas…
Started by Aoife Kilbride5 replies -
The Cartesian circle: can clear and distinct perception vouch for itself?
Every year I read Descartes' Meditations with students who arrive expecting an enemy of faith and leave rather fond of him. And every year, around the Third Meditation, a sharp student raises the objection that Antoine Arnauld put to Descartes in 1641.…
Started by Ikechukwu Anyanwu5 replies -
Soul as the form of a living body: does Aristotle help me teach the Igbo idea of chi, or get in the way?
I teach religious studies at a Catholic secondary school in Enugu and run a philosophy club for the senior students. Every year we read Aristotle's De Anima, where the soul is defined as the first actuality of a natural body that potentially…
Started by Ikechukwu Anyanwu5 replies -
Al-Shaybani’s siyar and the scholastics reached civilian immunity separately
In retirement I have been reading Majid Khadduri's 1966 translation of al-Shaybani's siyar, published as The Islamic Law of Nations. Al-Shaybani (749–805) was a student of Abu Hanifa, and his work on the siyar is one of the earliest systematic treatments of…
Started by Khalid Mahmood Awan5 replies -
Integrity, proportion, radiance: does Aquinas have a theory of beauty or just three words?
In a seminar on Aquinas we hit the passage everyone quotes on beauty: Summa theologiae I, question 39, article 8, where he says beauty requires three things: integrity or perfection (things that are lacking are ugly for that reason), due proportion or…
Started by Aoife KilbrideReply first (no replies yet)