Kind of book
Philosophy
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The Philosophy of Illumination
Suhrawardī's main philosophical work, completed in 1186, a few years before his execution in Aleppo. Written in Arabic in a deliberately compact style, it has two parts. The…
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On the Free Choice of the Will
A dialogue in three books between Augustine and his friend Evodius, begun in Rome around 388 and finished in Africa in the mid-390s. It opens with the question…
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The Defender of the Peace
A long treatise of political theory finished in 1324, during the conflict between Pope John XXII and Louis of Bavaria. Marsilius, a physician and former rector of the…
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The Governance of the Solitary
An unfinished treatise by the Andalusian philosopher Ibn Bājja, known in Latin as Avempace. Its title uses 'governance' in the sense of the ordered conduct of one's own…
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Euthyphro
A short dialogue set outside the court in Athens, where Socrates is waiting to answer the charges that will lead to his trial. He meets Euthyphro, who is…
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Rhetoric
A treatise in three books that treats persuasion as a teachable art. Aristotle calls rhetoric the counterpart of dialectic and defines it as the ability to see, in…
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Crito
A short dialogue set in prison in the days before Socrates' execution. His old friend Crito arrives before dawn with news that the ship whose return will trigger…
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Fragments
The surviving pieces of a lost book by Heraclitus of Ephesus, more than a hundred short sayings preserved as quotations by later writers and usually cited by their…
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Meno
A dialogue that opens with Meno asking whether virtue can be taught. Socrates says he does not even know what virtue is, and Meno's attempted definitions keep naming…
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On Nature (the poem of Parmenides)
A philosophical poem in Greek hexameters, traditionally titled On Nature, of which about a hundred and sixty lines survive, mostly through later quotations. In the proem a young…
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