Kind of book
Philosophy
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The Spirit of the Laws
A vast comparative study, in thirty-one books, of how laws relate to a people's government, climate, soil, religion, commerce and customs; Montesquieu worked on it for some twenty…
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Critique of the Power of Judgment
Kant's third Critique, which looks to the faculty of judgement for a bridge between nature, known through the understanding, and freedom, known through practical reason. Its subject is…
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A Serious Proposal to the Ladies
A work in two parts by the English writer Mary Astell, the first published anonymously in 1694 and signed only 'by a Lover of Her Sex'. Its starting…
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Candide
A short satirical novel, published anonymously in 1759, that tests the philosophy of optimism against the world. Candide is raised in a Westphalian castle by the tutor Pangloss,…
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Perpetual Peace
A short essay, published in 1795 soon after Prussia made peace with revolutionary France, and written in the form of a draft peace treaty. The title comes from…
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On the Infinite Universe and Worlds
A work of five dialogues in Italian, written and printed in London in 1584 while Bruno was living in the household of the French ambassador. Its spokesman, Filoteo,…
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Philosophical Letters (Letters on the English)
Twenty-five short letters in which Voltaire reports on England, where he lived from 1726 to 1728, and uses it to criticise France. The first letters describe the Quakers…
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An Answer to the Question: What Is Enlightenment?
A short essay of 1784 in the Berlinische Monatsschrift, answering a question raised in a footnote in the same journal a year earlier. Kant defines enlightenment as humanity's…
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Metaphysical Disputations
A vast Latin treatise in fifty-four disputations by the Spanish Jesuit Francisco Suárez, published in two volumes in Salamanca in 1597. It was the first systematic metaphysics in…
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Discourse on the Origin of Inequality
Rousseau's answer to a prize question set by the Academy of Dijon in 1753 on the origin of inequality among men and whether natural law authorises it. He…
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